En el año 1441, el rey Juan II de Castilla cede un antiguo palacio de caza, situado a unos 3 km de la ciudad de Burgos, a la Comunidad de Padres Cartujos para que en este lugar se levante un convento, en cuya iglesia reposen los restos del monarca. Éste falleció en el año 1454, y un año más tarde, cuando estuvo preparada su sepultura, fue trasladado a la Cartuja. Su viuda, Isabel de Portugal, le sobrevivió cuarenta y dos años, muriendo en 1496 y enterrada en Arévalo. Sin embargo su hija, la reina Isabel la Católica, exhumó el cuerpo para transportarlo a la Cartuja, donde descansaría hasta la eternidad junto a su marido Juan.
En su testamento, Juan II dispuso que su tumba tenía que estar rematada por un fastuoso sepulcro, de manera que su hija, la reina Isabel, se puso a ello contratando, a mediados de la década de 1480, a uno de los más reputados artistas de la corona de Castilla como era Gil de Siloé, quien acabó el trabajo en 1493.
El material utilizado es el alabastro, y presenta una curiosa forma que simula una estrella de ocho puntas. En los deciseis lados que forman el conjunto del polígono, delante de cada panel, hay un león exento que muestra varias actitudes, mientras que en las ocho puntas salientes se observa una diversa decoración en la que sobresalen los escudos de armas de los yacentes, leones y diferentes personajes como cartujos o profetas.
En cada uno de los lados de la base del sepulcro se sitúa una representación de una figura o escena, las cuales no presentan, en principio, una conexión entre sí. Destacan la Virgen amantando al Niño, el Sacrificio de Isaac, la representación de cada una de las Siete Virtudes Capitales, Joseph, el Rey David, Daniel, Esdrás y la Reina Esther.
En la parte superior del sepulcro se sitúan, en cada uno de los cuatro lados de la estrella que marcan los extremos de los ejes, los Evangelistas, sentados en pupitres y con su símbolo correspondiente. Junto a ellos se sitúan otras figuras, no sabemos el número original pues todas han sido cambiadas de sitio, unas rotas, otras restauradas y varias perdidas. Tampoco podemos saber cual era su disposición original, ya que al ser estatuas independientes fueron varias veces cambiadas de sitio. Son muy interesantes las que representan a San Esteban, San Pedro y San Pablo. Además se conservan otros Apóstoles y algunas figuras de santas. Mención
aparte merece Santiago el Mayor, pieza de excepcional calidad, que en un momento indeterminado se sustrajo hasta que lo adquirió el museo The Cloisters de Nueva York.
Los yacentes descansan sobre una rica cama y, pese a su posición horizontal, están tratadas como figuras de pie. Destacan por sus rostros serenos y la gran calidad del trabajo de sus vestimentas y de sus cabezas.
La pieza está realizada de manera artesanal en nuestro taller de Ornamentos Arquitectónicos
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FUNDACIÓN SANTA MARÍA LA REAL DEL PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO – G34147827
Avda. Ronda, 1-3. 34.800 Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia) | 979 125 000 – tienda@santamarialareal.org
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