El origen de la iglesia está en el monasterio de San Martín fundado en 1066 por doña Mayor, viuda del rey Sancho III Garcés de Navarra. Desde sus inicios el monasterio fue patrimonio real, aunque ya en 1118 es donado por la reina Urraca al vecino cenobio de San Zoilo de Carrión. En 1894 es declarada Monumento Histórico-Artístico e inmediatamente se realizan los primeros pasos para su restauración, las obras son encargadas al afamado arquitecto restaurador Manuel Anibal Álvarez, quién con su restauración dejó una de las obras más polémicas, aunque también con más encanto de los últimos tiempos.
El templo se organiza con una planta basilical de tres naves, un crucero no marcado en planta y una cabecera rematada con tres ábsides semicirculares. Se completa con un cimborrio sobre el crucero y dos torres en la fachada. Con ésta distribución el edificio ofrece uno de los mejores ejemplos románicos de articulación y claridad de volúmenes interiores y exteriores. El modelo utilizado para la construcción de la iglesia era el utilizado en las grandes obras románicas del fines del siglo XI y primeras décadas del XII.
Al exterior, destaca la articulación de la cabecera, donde a través de columnas que llegan hasta la cornisa dividen en tres paños el ábside central y en dos los laterales, cada uno abierto en el centro con una ventana.
El interior se presenta muy diáfano, fruto del gusto de la restauración. La nave central es un poco más alta que las laterales y ambas se cubren con bóveda de cañón con fajones. En el centro del crucero se dispone una excepcional cúpula semiesférica que se corresponde con el cimborrio exterior muestra de la gran calidad técnica de los ejecutores. En sus capiteles aparece la decoración escultórica con más calidad del conjunto. En cuanto a la cronología del templo, hay ciertas dudas para fechar el edificio, y más a raíz de la restauración, pero está comúnmente aceptado que es una obra de la segunda mitad del siglo XI, posiblemente de las dos últimas décadas del siglo.
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FUNDACIÓN SANTA MARÍA LA REAL DEL PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO – G34147827
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