En los tres capítulos de este libro el profesor Iisdro G. Bango, uno de los mayores especialistas en arte románico de España, da una respuesta lógica a los múltiples interrogantes que rodean a la construcción de la catedral de Jaca, uno de los edificios más importantes del románico europeo. Una visión superficial y rápida del edificio nos transmite la falsa imagen de una idea unitaria y de su materialización. Nada más lejos de la realidad. Para el autor no hay duda de que se trata de un proyecto ideado en época de Ramiro I, en el que trabaja un gran arquitecto al que más tarde se une un escultor.
Los historiadores de diferentes épocas han aportado diferentes visiones sobre la cronología de la fundación de la Catedral de Jaca. Las dos corrientes discuten sobre si su construcción comenzó por encargo del rey Ramiro I o por su hijo, Sancho Ramírez.
La diferencia en años no llegaría a dos décadas, pero para la historia supondría considerar la de Jaca como la primera catedral románica de España, por delante de la de Santiago de Compostela. Frente a lo que se viene diciendo en los últimos 50 años, no corresponde al rey Sancho Ramírez, sino que es obra de su padre Ramiro I, posiblemente hacia el 1.060 sería el inicio de la obra.
En esta disputa Isidro Bango Torviso es tajante. “Frente a lo que se viene diciendo en los últimos 50 años, no corresponde al rey Sancho Ramírez, sino que es obra de su padre Ramiro I, posiblemente hacia el 1.060 sería el inicio de la obra”.
Entre sus razones para asegurar que la construcción de la Catedral de Jaca se inició en el reinado de Ramiro I explica que: “en 1.072, cuando se erige la iglesia de Iguácel, los elementos fundamentales de la Catedral de Jaca están ya perfectamente definidos. Iguácel se hace por un grupo de canteros locales interpretando las formas que están viendo en la catedral de Jaca.”
Bango apunta otra razón para asegurar que el templo jaqués es anterior, habla de una serie de documentos en torno al Concilio de Jaca de 1.063.
En cuanto a la ley canónica que dice que una catedral sólo pudo fundarse en un enclave declarado ciudad, algo que fue otorgado en el Fuero de Jaca por el rey Sancho Ramírez, considera que “es verdad que el derecho canónico dice esto, pero lo que olvidan es que muchas catedrales españolas a lo largo del siglo XI, ocuparon sedes provisionales. En su tesis la de Jaca fue fundada en una sede provisional.
En resumen, un libro que cambiará la forma de ver este gran edificio románico y que obligará a repensar las cronologías dadas a algunos de los edificios más importantes del románico pleno español.
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